TIME'S PARADIGMS
by Jared Collard
© 1987

We are all affected by time. It rules every moment of our lives from birth to death. Mythology has cloaked it in many guises, some benign; others, like the Grim Reaper, less welcoming. But always time appears enigmatically before us, ever challenging, perhaps destined to be unmasked by the oncoming tide of Aquarian discovery.

We perceive time as being essentially linear, neatly packaged and labeled Past, Present and Future, with the Now as the instant between the Present (today), the Past (yesterday) and the Future (tomorrow). However, this is incorrect. To be precise, the terms "present" and "now" are synonymous, for what happened one millisecond ago is already in the past. In her book, The Mask of Time, Joan Forman correctly calls these periods, the "Now", the "Before Now" and the "After Now".

Einstein's General Theory of Relativity postulates that if the universe is vast enough space will curve, providing there is enough mass within it. So far, astronomers have not discovered sufficient mass in the observable universe to close the circle, so to speak, but new discoveries are being made each year and the gap between theory and reality seems to be closing gradually. Einstein's General Relativity Theory also propounds that not only is space curved, but that time is also curved. Space and time are a continuum, which is to say they are selfsame.

In 1949, German mathematician Kurt Godel developed a model of a closed universe which would allow a person traveling at seventy percent of the speed of light in the direction of the universe's rotation to travel into the future; if propelled in the opposite direction he would travel into the past. Philosophically, Einstein was uncomfortable about the possibility of time travel, but Godel's model was so soundly conceived that Einstein grudgingly conceded the possibility, but only at the subatomic level. He would not accept time travel as being even theoretically possible for man.

The closed universe of Godel's model envisions space and time curving back into a circle: a great, round super-bubble containing all of the substance of creation. However, the concept of its roundness may be a flaw in his hypothesis.


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A few hundred years ago leading intellectuals considered the orbits of the Earth and the other planets to be perfect circles and that the sun, the moon and the earth were perfect spheres. We now know that there is nothing so accurately balanced, proportioned, or stabilized to be perfectly round or circular. Creation is not without flaws and it is a mistake, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to assume that Godel's concept of a symmetrical universe is any more valid than those old dogmas that we now consider with amusement. Astronomers have found some regions in the universe in which matter appears to be sparsely distributed and others where many galaxies and vast clouds of primordial gas and dust exist in abundance. If these observations are correct there are obviously some regions where the gravitational force is higher than others.

Space, therefore, is not a perfect circle;

it could conceivably be egg-shaped:

or be like a potato* :
Fig. 1

----------------
*Surveys and observations of the cosmos made since 1987, when this article was first published in Prediction magazine, indicate that mass is clumpier throughout the cosmos than was originally believed and that the outer limit of the universe is not even.

If mass were unequally distributed throughout the universe and the space-time continuum distorted as a result, would this affect our view of the cosmos? Indeed so. Einstein's theory that light waves are curved by gravity has been proven to be accurate. The first time was over seventy years ago when the light from a distant star occulted by the sun was curved by the sun's gravity and detected on earth while the actual position of the star was hidden by the sun's disk, thus:


Fig. 2

A similar effect may be causing the considerable difficulties astronomers are encountering as they attempt to measure the distances to exceedingly distant objects in deep space. In making their calculations, cosmologists must take the possible effects of curved space-time correctly into account. If they do not, it will result in mistaking the apparent position of these remote objects for their true location due to the effects of gravitational lensing between the quasars and earth, similar to curvature distortion caused by a star's gravity.

In a letter to this writer, an astronomer with Cardiff University who reviewed this article, stated that astronomers do take the curvature of space-time into consideration "rather seriously" in their calculations, but that "the evidence appears against it." However, in an article entitled "Are Quasars Far Away?" by Jack W. Sulentic, in the October 1984 issue of Astronomy, made no mention of space-time curvature or of the possibility of distortions in the continuum causing difficulties in measuring either the distance to quasars or their unbelievably high recessional velocities. Nor has this writer seen mention of curved space-time being the possible cause of these problems in other publications he has researched. It is highly important that these questions be resolved. However, as the limits of cosmology are being expanded every year by new methods of observation, and new and more distant objects are continually being discovered, the probability of a significant error factor in calculations may be increasing proportionally.

But what does all this have to do with our discussion of time? Simply this. Remember, Einstein tells us that space must eventually curve around to meet itself. If this is so, and space and time are a continuum, then time must also act similarly. Should the universe not be perfect, the same anomaly must also apply to time!

The possibility of time and space warps has been the subject of much speculation and has provided material for science fiction writers for years. ("Warp factor five, Mr. Sulu."). Many cosmologists now believe that such space-time warps do, in fact, exist in the vicinity of so-called "black holes", where gravity is so strong that light cannot escape and as material falls into the "event horizon" it approaches the speed of light. According Einstein's Theory of Relativity, when the speed of light is reached time becomes infinite and events stand still, or so it would appear to an observer on the outside of a black hole looking in, or to one in the black hole looking outwards. A person falling into a black hole would, in effect, forever be falling into his future and if it were possible to reemerge he would come out into the past. But, of course, this is purely conjectural and physically impossible.

Mankind has long desired to part the veil of time to see what fate the gods have in store for him. Is there any way that this curtain may be drawn aside? There is indeed! The answer lies within the mind, which brings us into the realms of ESP (extrasensory perception). Assuming that this concept is open for consideration, the mental limitations of the psychically gifted person and distortions in the space-time continuum need to be taken into account.

As we said earlier, we customarily perceive time sequentially:


Fig. 3

- an unending series of chronological events that flow past us, as though we were observers on a bridge watching a vast river pass beneath our feet. We are at the point of Now and it is as if we are peering straight down at the water through a narrow field of view, seeing a small section of the river's surface but neither its depth nor its breadth. We are unaware of its invisible currents, the contours of the bottom, or the effects caused by unseen indentations of the shoreline. But as the river moves behind us and our perspective broadens, we are able to observe more of it. We call this downstream perspective "past history."

We see debris floating on the surface of the river and from it we may deduce some past events that might have attributed to it. It is incorrect, however, to assume that all of this refuse that has turned the pristine flow into a polluted, flotsam-strewn river entered the waters at the point of Now. Some of the debris was present far up river, and we contributed to it as the water passed beneath us. Although our contribution to the River of Time may be small, it is never insignificant. The rubbish we cast into it today will effect people or beings sometime in their today, which is our yesterday. The Past, the Present and the Future, like our river, are all one energy.

How, then, should we view time if not as an orderly procession of events? Why is it that some people seem to have ESP faculties while most of us do not? Is it possible that some of us may actually have the ability to "see" into the future (precognition) or into the unrecorded past (retrocognition)?

We know that the brain is divided into two hemispheres: the left and the right. The left hemisphere is the practical, logical, rational side with which we perceive time in the linear mode. The right hemisphere is the creative, intuitive, imaginative side, which is not subject to the limitations of time or space, but may be affected by distortions in the continuum.

Imagine that you are traveling on a train that has a curtain hanging down the center aisle of the coach in which you are riding and that the view from only your side is visible. If you are sitting on the left side of the coach and the track curves to the right and you might not detect any change in the train's direction (ignoring, for the purpose of the illustration, centrifugal force as the coach rounds the bend). However, if you were sitting on the right side of tlhe coach and looking out of the window you would first see the locomotive come into view, and gradually you see more of the train as it curves around the bend. You are, in effect, seeing into the future (precognition) for you know that in a few moments, barring some unforeseen event, you will follow that locomotive around the curve. But a person on the left side of the carriage, whose vision is restricted because he cannot see the bend in the tracks, does not share your clear view. His perspective limits his observation to a passage of events in succession (linear time). If he wishes to broaden his outlook, he must tear down the curtain and, if he desires to see around the bend into the future, he must move to the right side of the coach. In like manner, we who wish to observe the future must eliminate the restrictions that separate the left and right hemispheres of our brain and develop the dormant ESP faculties most of us possess.

Another model of our perception of Time could be likened to a loop of events:  Fig. 4

Let us assume we are at point X where we may look back and view a series of past events to a point called recorded history (A). However, at some point in the past (B) recorded history ends and lost history begins, which may be the source of folklore and mythology. At a still more remote time (C), only fossilized evidence records history, but eventually even the fossils disappear. At point (D), conjectural history begins (i.e. human and ape species evolve from a common ancestor. That point is preceded by theoretical history (E), i.e. the "Beginning" or the "Big Bang". The assumption is that there must have been some distant starting point. Remember, however, that it has been proven that space and time are curved, and if time is curved perhaps history is also. Could future events cast their own shadows in the present? Indeed so! What has happened in the past may be repeated again in the future, but due to distortions and ripples in the space-time continuum, the events will not occur in exactly the same sequence or with the same end result in each cycle of the cosmic wheel.

What of the future? Standing at X, we can perceive the past up to a point, but our forward vision is indeed limited. We make certain assumptions about the future: that we will live to see the sun rise on the morrow; that we will commute to our jobs, and that we live to a ripe old age. We trust that this pattern of life will continue indefinitely. But will it? The odds are in favor of our broad assumptions holding true for a few tomorrows, but every coming tomorrow becomes less certain. Each of us is but a hairsbreadth away from the Eternal Now.

Recall our hypothetical train trip. It may be possible to see around the bend for a limited distance if we could strip away the twin curtains of prejudice and intolerance that blinker our view. If we, at X, stand on our psychic tiptoes perhaps we might see a few more events of the coming future as they march toward us on the eternal loop of time.

In this physical dimension our extrasensory perception will always be limited and imperfect. Not even the most gifted clairvoyant who ever lived had perfect precognition. A variety of methods and aids are available to those who seek to rend the veil of time and become less visually handicapped. Genuine psychic gifts are acute clairvoyance and intuition; the tools some psychics use are astrology, dowsing, palmistry, tarot, Cartouche, runes or similar aids which help unblock the doors of the subconscious mind. We are all born with psychic abilities, but by the age of five or six they are submerged by the growing practicality of everyday life. However, if we could develop these inborn faculties and use them in the proper manner who knows how far into the future or into the unrecorded past we might eventually be able to see?

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